ASKING ABOUT INFORMATION

In our daily life, sometimes we have to ask someone to gain information. But how? read these materials bellow:

There are a number of formulas used when asking for information in English.
The use of Questions :
What
When
Where
Why
Who
How



Combined with to be :
What is … Your name?
When was … He born?
Where are … The tickets?
Why were … They here?
Who are … Those people?
How is … Helen?



Combined with auxiliary verbs or Modals :
What do …
When did …
Where shall …
Why does …
Who might …
How could …
Etc.


Asking for information:
I’d like to know about this novel
I’m interested in the characters
Could you tell me more about it?
Do you know the plot?
Could you find out the solution?
Could I ask about the conflict?
Do you happen to know the writer?
Etc.



Guessing :
I’d say … I know where to find the book
It could be … somewhere in the library
Perhaps it’s … on the top of the shelf
I think it’s … not there anymore
It looks like … someone has taken the book
It’s difficult to say, but I’d guess …
It’s being borrowed by a student


Here are some of the most common :
Could you tell me…?
Do you know…?
Do you happen to know…?
I’d like to know…
Could you find out…?
I’m interested in…
I’m looking for...

These two forms are used for asking for information on the telephone :
I’m calling to find out…
I’m calling about…

Here are some sample phrases and sentences for asking information in English
What is this? This is a table
What is that? That is a chair.
What’s this? It’s a pen.
What’s that? It’s an apple.
What are these? These are pencils.
What are those? Those are books.
Where is Mr. King? He is over there.
Where is Ms. Knight? She’s (right) here.
Where’s Johnny? He’s in the house.
When’s the movie? It’s at 9:00.
When’s lunch? Lunch is at noon.
How is the food? It’s delicious.


Information about company :
What does your company do?
What is your specialty?
What do you specialize in?
What is your main line of business?


Information about products :
Could you give me some (more) information on this?
What can you tell me about this (product)?
Tell me about this one/model.


Information about Price :
What are you asking for this?
What does this sell for?
How much is it?
How much does it run?

DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH

Definition
Direct Speech refers to reproducing another person’s exact words or saying exactly what someone has said (sometimes called quoted speech)
We use quotation marks (“__________”) and it should be world for word

For Example :
Nicky said, “it’s hot Or “it’s hot, “Nicky said”

Indirect speech refers to reproducing the idea of another person’s words
that doesn’t use quotation marks to enclose what the person said and it doesn’t have to be word for word.
Indirect Speech is sometimes called reported speech.

The tense usually changes when reporting speech this is because we are usually talking about a time in the post and obviously the person who spoke or ginally spoke in the past.

Remember
The changing of tenses
For example:
Direct speech and Indirect speech
Present simple Past simple
Vita said, “I eat fried rice”. Vita said that she ate fried rice.
Past simple Past Perfect
Mother said, “I went to market yesterday”. Mother said (that) she had gone to market the day before.
Future simple Past Future
Lea said, “I am going to wash my clothes”. Lea said (that) she was going to wash her clothes.
Dave said, “I will buy an I-Pod next week”. Dave said (that) he would buy an I-Pod the week after.
Present continuous Past continuous
Gama said, “I am playing football”. Gama said he was playing football.
Past continuous Past perfect continuous
She said, “I was teaching earlier.” She said she had been teaching earlier.



There are three kinds of dirrect and indirrect speech:

1. Statement
Dirrect speech (Present Tense): The students go to the library once a day
Indirrect speech (Past Tense): The students went to the library once day
Dirrect speech (Present Countinous Tense): The students are reading books now
Indirrect speech (Past Countinous Tense): The students were reading books then
Dirrect speech (Past Tense): The students borrowed books last week
Indirrect speech (Past Perfect Tense): The students had borrowed books the previous week
Dirrect speech (Present Perfect Tense): The students have returned the books
Indirrect speech (Past Perfect Tense): The students had returned the books
Dirrect speech (Future Tense): The students will borrow novels tomorrow
Indirrrect speech (Future Tense): The students would borrow novels the following day
Dirrect speech: The girls say, "We like reading een magazines."
Indirrect speech: The girls say that they like reading teen magazines.
Dirrect speech: Woody says,"I am on my way home."
Indirrect speech: Woody says that he is on his way home.
Dirrect speech: Riana says, " I can do this myself."
Indirrect speech: Riana says that she can do that herself.


2. Question
Dirrect speech: Peter asked me,"Do you play football?"
Indirrect speech: Peter asked me whether I played football.
Dirrect speech: Peter asked me,"When do you play football?"
Indirrect speech: Peter asked me when I play football.


3. Command
Dirrect speech: Mother said to me, "Turn off the TV and preapare yourself."
Inddirect speech: Mother told me to turn off the TV an preapare myself.
Dirrect speech: Nollan said to me, "Don't go anywhere after tou have done our homework."
Indirrect speech: Nollan told me not to go anywhere after I had done my homework.

MODALS IN THE PAST FORM

MODALS IN THE PAST FORM
Definition
Modals in the Past form dalam bahasa Indonesia adalah kata bantu pengandaian dalam bentuk lampau.
Modals in the past are :
1. Could
2. Would
3. Should
4. Shall

Modals
present	Past
can	could
will	would
shall	should
may	might

1. Could + Verb base

>>      To offer suggestions or possibilities

Example:          

Jason      :  Oh, no! I left my shorts.

Nate        : Don’t worry, Jason. You could borrow my shorts.

Mitchie  : I’m having trouble with English.

Demi     : Why don’t you ask Tess? Perhaps she could help you.

>>      To indicate that the ability existed in the past but doesn’t exist now.

Example: 

Mitchie    : Ras, can you climb the coconut tree?

Shane     : Well… I could climb coconut tree when I was so young. But I think I’m too heavy to climb it.

Selena      : Grandpa, what could you do when you were younger?

Grandpa   : When I was younger, I could swim across the big river very well and faster.

>>      To express polite requests

Example:   

*      Could I borrow your pencil (please)?

*      Could you lend me your jacket now?

*      Could you please close the door?

*      Could you pass the salt?

2.    Would + Verb base

>>      For an action that was repeated regularly in the past

Example:          

*      When I was a child, I would visit my grandparents every weekend.

*      On Sundays, when I was a child, we would all get up early and go fishing.

>>      Insert rather into the pattern and use this expression to express preferences

Example:          

Troy     :  What would you rather do in the weekend, go to the party or stay home?

Ryan    :  I would rather go to the party than stay home.

Gabriella  :  Which country would you rather visit?

Sharpay    :  I would rather visit Italia than Somalia.

>>      To express polite requests

Example:          

Nick         :  Would you mind cycling with me, Selena?

Selena    :  No, not at all. It would be nice.

Joey     : Would you please pass the helmet, Mary?

Mary     :  No problem.

3. Should + Verb base

>>      To give definite advice (advisability)

Example:          

Mom      : Putri, you should study tonight. You will have English test tomorrow, won’t you?

Mitchie  : I will, Mom.

Joe       : You should paint your door, Kevin. It looks terrible.

Kevin   : Yes, I know I should.

>>      To express the subject’s obligation or duty:

Example:          

*      You should practice for more than an hour.  (to musical friend)

*      They shouldn’t allow parking here; the street is too narrow.

*      Application should be sent before March 25th.

4. Might + Verb base

>>      To tell possibilities

Example:          

Nick     :   Where is Joe?

Kevin   :   He might be in the studio with Stella.

>>      To express polite requests

Example:          

Demi   : Might I borrow your coat?

Miley   : I’m afraid not. It has been brought by Hannah for weeks and I don’t know when he’ll return it.

When do we use modals ?

* To talk about someone's ability (or inability) to do something

example:"We can find your house without the street plan."

"She can't have a daughter that old!"

* To talk about an action that is necessary (or impossible, or not necessary)

example:"You must always have your driver's licence when you are driving your car."

"You needn't carry your passport around with you."

* To talk about a situation that is possible (or impossible)

example:"Do be careful with that glass, the baby might knock it over"

VOCABULARY AROUND HOUSE

Build Up :
Attic =People store things in the attic.
Ballroom =A room in stately homes where rich people dance and concerts are held.
Box Room =A small room used for storage.
Cellar =Underneath the house.
Cloakroom =A small room where people put their coats.
Conservatory = A greenhouse attached to a house for the display of plants.
Dining Room =A room where people eat.
Drawing Room =A room in stately homes where rich people entertain.
Games Room = A room in large houses where games are played.
Hall = The entrance passage to a house.
Larder =A small room used for the storage of food.
Library =A room where books are kept.
Lounge =Another name for living room.
Music Room =A room where people play music.
Office =A room where people work.
Pantry =A small room used to store kitchen and dining items.
Parlour =Old fashioned word for living room.
Sitting Room =Another name for living room.
Spare Room/Guest Room =A room where guests sleep.
Toilet = A room where people go to the toilet (often known as WC)
Utility Room =A room where appliances such as washing machines are used.

NOUN PHRASES

 NOUN PHRASES
Definition
The noun phrase is a group of words that ends with a noun. It can contain determiners (the, a, this, etc.), adjectives, adverbs, and nouns. It cannot begin with a preposition. Remember that both subjects and complements are generally noun phrases.

1. Noun phrases is constraction function as subject and object .
2. Noun phrases is either a single noun or pronoun or any group of words
containing a noun or a pronoun that function together as a noun or pronoun, as the subject or object of a verb.


- Kinds of noun phrases :
a. Noun + Noun, example : Office boy
b. Verb + Noun, example : Take a bath
c. Gerund + Noun, example : Throwing ball
d. Pronoun + Noun, example : My book
e. Adjective + Noun, example : Black board
f. Determiner + Noun, example : A pen

- The noun phrases in English composed petenhally of 3 parts, there are :
a. Head : The most usual kind of head of a noun phrases.
b. Pre Modification : Consists of a number of word classes in a specific order.
c. Post Modification : Must commonly used not by specific word classes or subclasses.

Example:

* My coach is happy.
* I like the cars over there.
* The woman who lives there is my aunt.
* Frankenstein is the name of the scientist not the monster.
* I consider Meong my favorite cat.
* Small children often insist that they can do it by themselves.
* To read quickly and accurately is John’s goal.
* Two of my guests have arrived.
* Mr. Jones spoke to Dr. James.
* My friend works with her father.
* Alex is a smart tall white boy.
* It's a beautiful red car.
* Mr. Aldy has just bought an expensive large house.

DESCRIPTIVE TEXT

 DESCRIPTIVE TEXT
Descriptive text
Descriptive text is available for a screen reader device to audibly describe a graph or map so a visually impaired user can understand the graphical information . Or to describe the characteristic of particular Person, thing , or place .

* Text structure:
- Identification: Identifies thing, person, place, phenomenon to be described.
- Description: Gives the information of particular thing, person, or
Place being discussed or describes parts, qualities, or
Characteristic.


* Language figures:
a. Topic is usually about the attributes of a think.
b. The use of think person pronoun forms is used.
c. The use of focus specific human and non human participants.
d. The use of reasoning expressed as verbs or noun.
e. The use of material.
f. The use of relation and mental process.

* Characteristic:
a. Use the simple present tense.
b. Using detailed noun phrases to provide information on the subject.
c. Uses relating verbs to provide information on the subject.
d. Use the thinking and feeling verbs to reveal personal views about the subject
author.
e. Use action verbs.
f. Use adverbials to provide additional information.
g. Use figurative language such as simile, metaphor.

* Grammatical features:
- Who? What?
- Using linking verb and simple present tense,
- Epithet: adjective or adjective phrase,
- Attributive (the)
- Use a attributive and identifying process,
- Focus an specific participants,
- Frequent use of epithets and classified in nominal groups

Example of Descriptive text
Bandengan Beach

Bandengan Beach or Tirta Samudra Beach is the famous beach in jepara. the place is very beautiful and romantic. people around Jepara, Kudus, Demak knows this place.
This place is located 7 kilometers north of Jepara city center. The way to get there is very easy. Just follow the traffic sign and you will find it. From the town square, follow the road to Bangsri then turn left when reached kuwasen village. You can take public transportation or by your own vehicle.
The white sandy beach which has pure water is good for swimming. The beach is save enough for swimming because the beach is shallow and the wave is not so big. This place is more beautiful at dusk. We can see the beautiful sunset with our family or friends.
In this location, we can sit and relax on the shelter while enjoy the natural beach breezy wind. It also has large pandan tree field. It is suitable for youngster activities such as camping.
If we want to sail, we can rent the traditional boat owned by local people. We can make voyage around the beach or we can go to pulau panjang (panjang island). Some time we can find banana boat and jet ski for rent.
In this place we can find many traditional footstalls. We can order traditional foods sold by the trader such as roasted fish, crab, boiled shell. Pindang srani is one of the delicious food enjoyed by the visitors.
come to the bandengan beach and you will find a paradise on the tips of Muria peninsula.

OFFERING

PRIMBON : OFFERING
Offering is the expression of “ Would you like....”is normally used for offering something to someone.

Example:
Ratna : Would you like a juice, Brenda?
Brenda : Yes, please. Thank you. Hmmm...this juice tastes good
Ratna : Thank you. I’m glad you like it.


Expression of offering:
Ways to say it
* Would you like a cup of tea, Carol?
* Should I get you a bottle of water?
* Could I offer you a glass of milk, Veronika?
* Would you care some salad?

Offering to friends:
* Want some?
* Have some?
* Chocolate?
* Grab some for yourself

Less formal expressions:
* Would you like to have a pancake?
* Why don't you have some lemonade?
* What can I get for you?
* What will you have?Declining an offering
* No, thanks
.* No, really won't, thanks
* Not for me, thanks.

Accepting an offering:
* Thank you.
* Yes, please
* I'd like it very much
* That would be very nice